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// Republics
// Adygea, Republic of >>
// Altai (Gorno-Altai), Republic of >>
// Bashkortostan, Republic of >>
// Buryatia, Republic of >>
// Chechnya, Republic of >>
// Chuvashia, Republic of >>
// Dagestan, Republic of >>
// Ingushetia, Republic of >>
// Kabardino-Balkaria, Republic of >>
// Kalmykia, Republic of >>
// Karachayevo-Cherkessia, Republic of >>
// Karelia, Republic of >>
// Khakassia, Republic of >>
// Komi, Republic of >>
// Mari El, Republic of >>
// Mordovia, Republic of
// North Ossetia, Republic of >>
// Sakha (Yakutia), Republic of >>
// Tatarstan, Republic of >>
// Tuva, Republic of >>
// Udmurtia, Republic of >>
// Territories (Krai)
// Altai Territory >>
// Khabarovsk Territory >>
// Krasnodar Territory >>
// Krasnoyarsk Territory >>
// Primorye (Maritime) Territory >>
// Stavropol Territory >>
// Regions
// Amur Region >>
// Arkhangelsk Region >>
// Astrakhan Region >>
// Belgorod Region >>
// Bryansk Region >>
// Chelyabinsk Region >>
// Chita Region >>
// Irkutsk Region >>
// Ivanovo Region >>
// Kaliningrad Region >>
// Kaluga Region >>
// Kamchatka Region >>
// Kemerovo Region >>
// Kirov Region >>
// Kostroma Region >>
// Kurgan Region >>
// Kursk Region >>
// Leningrad Region >>
// Lipetsk Region >>
// Magadan Region >>
// Moscow Region >>
// Murmansk Region >>
// Nizhny Novgorod Region >>
// Novgorod Region >>
// Novosibirsk Region >>
// Omsk Region >>
// Orel Region >>
// Orenburg Region >>
// Penza Region >>
// Perm Region >>
// Pskov Region >>
// Rostov Region >>
// Ryazan Region >>
// Sakhalin Region >>
// Samara Region >>
// Saratov Region >>
// Smolensk Region >>
// Sverdlovsk Region >>
// Tambov Region >>
// Tomsk Region >>
// Tula Region >>
// Tver Region >>
// Tyumen Region >>
// Ulyanovsk Region >>
// Vladimir Region >>
// Volgograd Region >>
// Vologda Region >>
// Voronezh Region >>
// Yaroslavl Region >>
// Federal Cities
// Moscow >>
// St. Petersburg >>
// Autonomous Areas (Okrugs)
// Agin-Buryatia Autonomous Area >>
// Chukotka Autonomous Area >>
// Evenk Autonomous Area >>
// Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area >>
// Komi-Permyak Autonomous Area >>
// Koryak Autonomous Area >>
// Nenets Autonomous Area >>
// Taimyr (Dolgan-Nenets) Autonomous Area >>
// Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous Area >>
// Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area >>
// Autonomous Regions
// Jewish Autonomous Region >>
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Republic of Mordovia
// GENERAL INFORMATION
Mordovia is located in the central part of European Russia in the Volga River basin. It occupies an area of 26 200 km2 and has a population of about one million. The capital of Mordovia is Saransk (pop. 348 000) located 600 km east of Moscow. The republic has transportation links with almost all Russian regions.
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The Republic of Mordovia is a subject of the Russian Federation. The Head of the Republic is the highest official, and the State Assembly is the highest legislative body.
The Republic of Mordovia is an agricultural and industrial region that maintains a stable position in Russia and on the international market for light sources, power semiconductor devices, electronics, excavators, industrial rubber goods, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemical engineering products. More than 72 companies in the republic export their products to 60 countries around the world. AO Lisma is Russia's largest producer of a wide range of light sources, e.g., general-purpose incandescent lamps, high-performance gas-discharge and halogen lamps, and various kinds of special lamps.
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A number of companies specializing in the production of building materials use local reserves of marl, ceramic and refractory clays, stone, and sand used in making glass and concrete.
Agriculture accounts for about 16% of Mordovia's GNP; it specializes in the production of grain crops (wheat, rye, millet, and buckwheat), potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables, and the main types of animal products.
Meat and milk production and poultry farming are the most developed areas of the livestock sector. Agricultural products are supplied to many Russian regions, Moscow, and abroad.
Mordovia's extensive forests cover an area of 744 500 hectares and provide a raw material base for the woodworking industry.
The Republic of Mordovia is interested in further development of international trade and economic cooperation along the following lines:
- export and import of goods on a monetary or barter basis;
- joint and other types of production with any share of foreign investment.
A vast deposit of diatomaceous earth with total estimated reserves of 6.6 million m3 has been discovered in the republic. Significant reserves of sulfate-chloride mineral water that can be used as a treatment for chronic gastritis and colitis, as well as liver and metabolic ailments, have also been discovered.
There are about 500 lakes and 114 rivers and scenic pine and mixed forests in Mordovia; therefore, the development of tourism, including international tourism, is a promising direction, given appropriate financing and the reconstruction of a system of hotels, vacation homes, and health and tourist centers. Historical monuments and museums and the distinctiveness of the Mordvin culture and region all favor this development. The work of the great contemporary sculptor Stepan Erzya attracts visitors from around the world even today.
More than 310 companies (40.7% of the total) in Mordovia have been privatized. Twelve joint-venture commercial banks currently operate in the republic, along with a chamber of commerce and industry, insurance companies, a commodity exchange, a business support and antimonopoly fund, and several investment funds.
The stable political situation in the republic is favorable to both foreign and domestic investment. In order to protect the interests of foreign investors, the Government passed the Law "On Foreign Investments in the Republic of Mordovia" on April 18, 1997, and regulations have been ratified on the status of "most important investment project" and the Fund for the Support of Foreign Investments and Development of Foreign Economic Activity. With these regulatory documents, the Government has created favorable legal and economic conditions for attracting foreign capital and using it effectively to strengthen and develop the republic's economy.
The National Coat of Arms of the Republic of Mordovia is a crimson, white, and dark blue heraldic shield with the emblem of the city of Saransk in the center framed by golden spikes of wheat symbolizing the Mordvin people's traditional devotion to agriculture; the spikes are interwoven with a crimson, white, and dark blue ribbon. Inside the wheat spikes is a gold necklace (a national women's ornament) with seven ornaments representing the number of cities in the republic and topped with an eight-pointed crimson rosette symbolizing the sun.
The National Flag of the Republic of Mordovia is a rectangular banner consisting of three horizontal stripes of crimson, white, and dark blue in order from top to bottom. The top and bottom stripes are of equal width, each of them being ¼ the width of the flag. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1 : 2. An eight-pointed crimson rosette symbolizing the sun is positioned in the center of the white stripe.
ECONOMY
The state of the republic's economy in recent years has been characterized by positive trends in the development of economic sectors and an improved financial situation. GDP, industrial output, and investments in capital assets are continuing to increase. The consumer market situation is stabilizing. Corporate financial results have improved, and budget revenues have increased. The population's real cash income has increased, and the unemployment level is dropping.In the period between 1997 and 2001, the republic's industrial output increased 1.6 times; and in 2001, the industrial complex increased output by 10% compared to 2000 and produced goods worth 18.8 billion rubles (large and medium companies accounted for 16.8 billion rubles). The republic consistently led the other republics and regions of the Volga Federal District with an industrial production growth index that was double the average Russian figure.
Much of the increased output was due to companies in the engineering (116% compared to 2000), building materials (121.5%), and chemical and petrochemical (106.7%) industries. Companies like OAO Saranskkabel, OAO Elektrovypryamitel, OAO Kadoshkinsky Electrotechnical Plant (OAO KETZ), OAO Ardatovsky Lighting Engineering Plant (OAO ASTZ), OAO Rezinotekhnika, OAO Mordovtsment, OAO Lato, and a number of others operated stably during the year.
The republic's industries place great emphasis on modernization and renewal of production in order to turn out competitive new products.
The following projects are currently being implemented: OAO Saranskkabel is expanding output of fiber-optic cable products; OAO Elektrovypryamitel is producing a new generation of special power converters; OAO Lisma and OAO Lisma-KETZ are introducing full-scale production of a wide range of energy-saving gas-discharge and halogen lamps and industrial and household lamps using environmentally clean light sources; and OAO Orbita is setting up production of solid-state devices and integrated circuits that are the equal of foreign analogues.
Agricultural development policy is directed toward government support measures and active reform in the country.
There were a number of successes in the agricultural sector in 2001. Gross agricultural output in the public sector increased by 16% compared to 2000, and the best grain harvest in the past three years was recorded, with yields of 2100 kg per hectare.
Milk and egg production increased 2 and 4%, respectively on farms of all categories; this figure includes increases of 5 and 7%, respectively, in the public sector. Procurement of meat and milk increased on farms of all categories, and milk purchases by the population increased 8%.
Processing companies produced more than 7000 tons of meats and byproducts, 5000 tons of animal oils (the same as in 2000), about 39 000 tons of whole milk products (124.7% compared to 2000), and 11 800 tons of confectionery (105%).
Investment activity in Mordovia is directed toward attracting corporate assets and domestic and foreign capital to the republic's economy.
Investments are currently the most important source of funds for modernizing production and developing all of the republic's economic sectors.
Fixed capital investments in 2001 totaled 4.3 billion rubles, or nearly 14% more than in 2000. Investments per capita in 2001 were about 4700 rubles compared to 2900 rubles in 2000. In amount of fixed capital investments per capita, the republic was in tenth place among the regions of the Volga Federal District in 2000 and in thirteenth place in 2001.
In 2001, Mordovia's economy received $13.7 million US in foreign investments, most of which were directed toward development of the food industry and the communications sector.
The volume of contract work also increased significantly, reaching 136% of the level of 2000. Housing construction went on actively, with 183 000 m2 of housing being commissioned. In terms of commissioned housing per 1000 residents, the republic is in sixth place in the Volga Federal District and in second place behind the Chuvash Republic in the Volgo-Vyatsky economic region. In addition, 1010.6 km of gas mains were laid (116% compared to the previous year) and 105.6 km of roads were built (twice the amount of the previous year).
Production increases in the real sector of the economy were accompanied by improved financial results from production activity. Profits of companies and organizations in the republic amounted to 1.3 billion rubles, which is 1.2 times more than in the previous year, and accounts payable and receivable decreased.
As a result, revenues to budgets of all levels increased 1.2 times compared to 2000, while internal consolidated budget revenues increased more than 17% compared to 2000.
The positive trend in income growth continued in 2001. Real incomes of the population increased nearly 6% compared to 2000, and real wages increased by nearly 20%. Wage increase rates in the republic were higher than in other regions of the Volga Federal District and were 7% higher than the Russian average. Nevertheless, incomes in the republic are still low (Mordovia is in tenth place among the regions of the Volga Federal District in average per capita income level). Ensuring adequate wage levels is one of main priorities of government policy for the coming year. An increase in the minimum wage as of January 1, 2002, and forecasts of economic growth provide the prerequisites for future increases in real wages and incomes of the population. Real disposable incomes are expected to increase 5% compared to the previous year.
The consumer market situation stabilized somewhat last year; retail turnover remained at the previous year's level in physical terms, while the volume of paid services increased to 103% of the level of 2000.
As of January 1, 2002, 8800 people, or 2% of the economically active population, were officially registered as unemployed.
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