1660
After hetman Yuri KHMELNITSKY sided with the Poles, and he was joined by Pereyaslavl Colonel Timofey TSETSURA together with eight thousand Cossacks, the Russian army commanded by the Kiev governor Vasily SHEREMETEV found itself encircled by the Poles and Crimean Tatars near Chudnov, on the right bank of the Dnieper. Sheremetev put up resistance for eleven days but was finally forced to surrender and promise to withdraw Russian troops from Kiev, Pereyaslavl, Nezhin and Chernigov.
But the Russian troops were not withdrawn from these cities, and this was why the Russian commander was brought in shackles to the Khan's palace in the Crimea. He returned to Russia only in 1681. Ukraine became split in two parts – the right-bank part under the rule of the Polish king, and the left-bank part loyal to Moscow. Each part elected its own hetman.
1721 (October 22, old calendar)
PETER THE GREAT attended the service in the Trinity Cathedral of St.Petersburg. After that the text of a peace treaty with Sweden was read out. Feofan PROKOPOVICH read a sermon enumerating and describing the most outstanding achievements of the czar for which he could be nicknamed the Father of the Nation, the Emperor and the Great. To the salvo of hundreds of cannons fired in St.Petersburg, Peter accepted the title of EMPEROR of Russia, which thus became an empire.
1777 (October 22, old calendar)
Colonel LADYZHENSKY began to build Fortress No 8 on the Azov-Mozdok fortified defence line. The fortress later became a town which was called Stavrpopol.
1906 Leon TROTSKY was exiled to Siberia for life. But on the way he managed to escape and lived abroad until May 1917.
1923 The Presidium of the Central Exceutive Committee adopted a decree on the formation of the OGPU (State Political Department) under the Council of People's Commissars. It was later named the KGB.
1938 The first women pilots were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. They were Valentina GRIZODUBOVA, Polina OSIPENKO and Marina RASKOVA who made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the Far East.
1939 The Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet adopted a decree incorporating Western Byelorussia in the USSR and making it part of the Byelorussian Republic.
1942 The Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet by its decree set up the Extraordinary Committee for investigaing the crimes of the Nazi invaders.
1944 Colonel L.I. BREZHNEV was promoted to the rank of Major-General. During the war years he was awarded several orders and medals for military valour.
Births
1752 Andrey RAZUMOVSKY
(23.09,1836)
Prince, Major-general, diplomat, the son of the last Ukrianian hetman Kirill RAZUMOVSKY.
1785 Nataliua GONCHAROVA (nee ZAGRYAZHSKAYA)
(14.08.1848)
PUSHKIN's mother-in-law.
1843 Mark ANTOKOLSKY
(09.07.1902)
Sculptor.
1861 Georgy LVOV
Prince, head of the cabinet of ministers of the Provisional government.
1893 Yelena BULGAKOVA (nee NURENBERG)
(18.07.1970)
Third wife of the writer Mikhail BULGAKOV, who preserved his archives and worked painstakingly for the publication of his writings in the USSR.
1901 Dmitry LELYUSHENKO
(20.07.1987)
General of the Army, Hero of the Soviet Union.
1902 Sergey LEBEDEV
(03.07.1974)
Expert on computers, one of the founders and organizers of the Soviet Computer Centre, member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labour, winner of state prizes.
1902 Mikhail YANSHIN
(17.07.1976)
Actor of the Moscow Art Theatre, People's Artist of the USSR.
1906 Daniil ANDREYEV
(30.03.1959)
Poet, writer, philosopher.
1923 Anatoly GREBNEV
(19.06.2002)
Film script writer.
1933 Nina YEREMINA
Basketball player, Merited Master of Sport, TV sports commentator.
1935 Mikhail PLYATSKOVSKY
(26.01.1991)
Poet, song-writer.
Deaths
1813 Dmitry NEVEROVSKY
(01.11.1771)
Hero of the 1812 war.
1844 Mikhail MAGNITSKY
(04.05.1778)
Poet, journalist, teacher.
1964 Yelena ILYINA (Lia PREIS)
(29.06.1901)
Authoress.
1979 Valentin GRANATKIN
(16.07.1908)
Football and hockey player, vice president of FIFA.
1995 IOANN (Ivan SNYCHEV)
(09.10.1927)
Metropolitan of St.Petersburg and Ladoga.
