Some Nuclear Heavy Lifting
// Asymmetric Response to America Successfully Tested
Yesterday the Russian military announced the first successful test of the new RS-24 intercontinental ballistic missile with multiple independently-targetable detachable warheads. The addition of this missile to Russia's arsenal could put the country back on an equal strategic footing with the United States, which is slated to have no fewer than 2,200 nuclear warheads in its arsenal by 2012. Moscow claims that the maneuverable warheads on the RS-24 will be capable of confounding the American missile defense system.
Representatives of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) announced yesterday that the test-stage warhead on the new RS-24 ICBM with independently-targetable multiple reentry vehicles had successfully obliterated the designated target area at the Kura weapons range in Kamchatka. "The launch of the prototype of [Russia's] new RS-24 intercontinental ballistic missile took place at 14:20 Moscow time from the Plesetsk launch pad with a mobile launch apparatus that was specially reconfigured for the test," said the press service of the RVSN.
The Russian military announced its intention to begin production of ground-based ICBMs carrying multiple warheads, developed on the basis of the single-warhead Topol-M missile, after the withdrawal of the US from the ABM treaty in 2002 prompted Russia to reject the START II treaty. The agreement, which was signed in 1993, obliged both countries to eventually reduce their deployed strategic nuclear arsenals to 3,500 warheads and to destroy all ground-based ICBMs with multiple independently-targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs). This worked in favor of the US: the basis of the Russian nuclear shield was made up of ground-based missiles with six and ten warheads (the RS-18B and RS-20B/V, respectively).
In order to maintain its equal strategic footing with the US, Russia needed to sharply increase production of single-warhead ground-based Topol-M missiles while also accelerating work on the construction of new submarines and the creation of a new submarine-based missile (SLBM). However, neither of these goals were realized: from 1998 onwards, fewer than ten Topol-M ICBMs were added to the arsenal every year, not a single new submarine was built, and the new submarine-based Bulava missile has been plagued with misfortune (four out of five tests of Bulava SLBMs have ended in failure).
In 2002, Vladimir Putin and George Bush signed the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (SORT, better known as the Moscow Treaty). The new treaty obliges the US and Russia to reduce the number of warheads deployed in their arsenals to 1,700-2,200, but, unlike START II, it sets no restrictions on the structure of each side's nuclear forces. This has allowed Russia to return to the development and production of missiles with MIRVs and to quickly and cheaply compensate for the removal of the RS-18B and RS-20B/V from the arsenal (the majority of these ageing rockets will be obsolete by 2010).
There were both legal and technical limitations on the addition of warheads to the Topol-M missile. First of all, the START I treaty, which is in force until December 2009, bans increases in the number of warheads on existing rockets (though not the development of new ones). Secondly, the throw-weight of a Topol-M missile (1.2 tons) is clearly insufficient for the rocket to be equipped with multiple warheads and individual navigation systems (the RS-18B, which carried six warheads, had a throw-weight of up to 4.35 tons, while the RS-20B/V, which could carry ten, had a throw-weight of around 8.5 tons).
Thus, Russia's best option was to create a modernized version of its ICBMs by thoroughly overhauling the Topol-M design to increase its payload capacity. Two successful tests of a new triple warhead took place in 2005-2006, but it was tested not on the new rockets but on the decommissioned Topol missile and the K65M-P missile, which was created in the 1970s especially for the testing of warheads. Now, however, the Russian armed forces have announced the successful test launch of a new rocket, which has been christened the RS-24.
In April of last year Yury Solomonov, the director and chief designer at the Moscow Thermal Engineering Institute (home of the Topol-M, RS-24, and Bulava rockets), promised that Russia will have no fewer than 2,000 nuclear warheads by 2011. Ivan Safranchuk, the head of the Moscow office of the World Security Institute, believes that "the adoption of the RS-24 will improve the situation in the Russian nuclear forces": "If Russia can produce around 20 rockets a year, by 2015 around 2,000 warheads will be deployed," he said.
Along with gaining equal ground with Washington, Moscow is counting on its new rockets to ensure that a Russian attack could successfully penetrate the US missile defense system, no matter how complex it becomes. Russian First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov declared yesterday that the RS-24 missile "is able to overcome any existing or, possibly, future missile defense system." Mr. Safranchuk of the WSI believes that the successful test of the RS-24 "can be regarded as one of the elements of the asymmetric response promised by Vladimir Putin after the US withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 2002."
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Statements from Military, Vladimir Putin at Odds
After a meeting yesterday with Portuguese Prime Minister Jose Socrates, Russian President Vladimir Putin declared, "We believe that it is harmful and dangerous to turn Europe into a tinder box by filling it with new kinds of weapons… This will create new and unnecessary risks for the entire system of international and European relations." Mr. Putin's remarks came on the same day that the Russian military tested two new missiles, the RS-24 ICBM and the P-500 cruise missile, and also brought up the topic of building a new aircraft carrier.
The first launch of the high-precision Iskander tactical cruise missile was achieved at the Kapustin Yar weapons range with First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov looking on. Mr. Ivanov promised that the new missile will begin to be deployed in 2009. The first report of the construction of a new aircraft carrier came from the First Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense in St. Petersburg. "The participants in the report noted that having an aircraft carrier in the naval fleet is completely reasonable," said Russian Navy spokesman Igor Dygalo. In his opinion, a new aircraft carrier "will increase Russia's authority as a naval power."
Konstantin Lantratov and Alexandra Gritskova
All the Article in Russian as of May 30, 2007
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